Toner ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokopera ma electrostatic ndi njira zosindikizira za laser. Amapangidwa ndi utomoni, ma pigment, zowonjezera ndi zinthu zina, ndipo kukonza kwake ndikukonzekera kumaphatikizapo kukonza bwino kwambiri, uinjiniya wamankhwala, zida zophatikizika ndi maphunziro ena. Ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri omwe amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa zoyambira za tona yakuda monga kukonza kutentha, kutulutsa madzi, ndi mawonekedwe otukuka, toner yamtundu imaphatikizanso kusankha mtundu komanso kufulumira kwa kuwala, ndipo ndi chida chaukadaulo chamakono. Colour toner imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakusindikiza ndi kukopera kwa laser, ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wazidziwitso, ukadaulo wapaintaneti ndikusintha kwamakono kwaofesi komanso kutchuka kwambiri kwa osindikiza a laser, makina osindikizira a digito ndi makamera a digito. Ndipo kumbali ya colorization ndi digito, chiyembekezo chamsika cha toner yamitundu ndi chotakata kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kope la 2022 la kafukufuku wamsika wa toner waku China komanso lipoti lolosera zachitukuko lomwe linatulutsidwa ndi netiweki yofufuza zamakampani, msika wa polymer toner umapereka njira yokhayokha. Chifukwa cha zotchinga zapamwamba zaukadaulo, kupanga ndi ukadaulo wa toner yoyambirira komanso yofananira yamtundu wa polima imakhala m'manja mwa makampani angapo ku Japan. Mitsubishi Chemical yokha ya ku Japan, Fleston ya Ningbo, kampaniyo ndi makampani ena amatha kupanga tona yogwirizana ndi utoto, ndipo utoto wambiri wa polymerized tona womwe umagulitsidwa pamsika wapakhomo umapangidwa ndi Mitsubishi Chemical.
Ndi kukula kwa kufunikira kwapachaka komanso umwini wa anthu a photocopiers ndi osindikiza laser, tona, monga chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira ndi osindikiza laser, ikukulanso chaka ndi chaka. Mu msika wosindikizira waku China, ogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a inkjet adayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono kupita ku osindikiza a laser. Ndi kukweza kwa anthu kufunafuna mtundu komanso kupindula ndi kutchuka kwa osindikiza amitundu, kufunikira kwa tona yamtundu kukukulirakulira kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa toner wakuda waku China wodzipangira yekha makina osindikizira a laser ndi mitundu ndi ochepa, mabizinesi okhawo omwe angathe. kupanga utoto wapamwamba kwambiri wa laser chosindikizira tona, chaka chilichonse ufa wamtundu wapakhomo umadalira zogulitsa kunja, msika wawukulu wamtundu wa tona umakhala ndi mtundu woyambirira komanso zogulitsa zakunja zomwe zapakhomo, ukadaulo wopanga ndi msika zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja. mtundu. Mtengo wa toner wapachiyambi umakhalabe wokwera, ogula sangathe kupirira mtengo wokwera wa kukopera, kusindikiza, chifukwa chake, msika wakunyumba umafuna kutsimikizika kwamtundu uliwonse, komanso mwayi wamtengo wazinthu zofananira za toner, mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mabungwe ofufuza asayansi ayenera kuphunzira mwachangu. luso kukonzekera ufa wapamwamba mtundu, kuthetsa zinthu m'mbuyo za luso zoweta zakuthupi, ndi kuswa ulamuliro wa zopangidwa yachilendo ndi mankhwala.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa makina osindikizira amtundu wa laser ndi ma copiers, kufunikira kwa tona yamtundu monga zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina amitundu kukukulirakulira, ndipo mtengo wake ukukwera kwambiri, ndipo mwina ukhoza kupitilira mtengo wa makinawo. toner yamtundu yakhala malo opikisana kwambiri pamsika wazinthu zamaofesi, ndipo chiyembekezo chamsika ndi chachikulu kwambiri.